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Python SIP信令解析

本文将对使用Python解析SIP信令进行详细的阐述,包括SIP信令基础知识、SIP信令解析工具、SIP信令分析方法。

一、SIP信令基础知识

SIP(Session Initiation Protocol)为一种建立、修改、终止网络会话的网络协议。其与HTTP和SMTP一样,被设计作为人与机器之间的应用层协议。SIP信令在VoIP(Voice over IP)技术中被广泛使用。

SIP信令分为请求消息和响应消息,请求消息用于请求某种服务,响应消息用于对请求消息进行回应。SIP信令中常用的请求消息有INVITE,ACK,BYE,CANCEL,REGISTER等,响应消息包括1xx,2xx,3xx,4xx,5xx,6xx等。

二、SIP信令解析工具

Python中常用的SIP信令解析工具是sipsak和pjsip。其中sipsak是一个用纯Perl编写的工具,主要用于SIP信令的测试和基本解析。pjsip则是一个基于C语言开发的SIP协议栈,具有高性能、可扩展性和可移植性。

本文主要介绍使用Python编写SIP信令解析的方法,其中需要使用到Python的sipsimple库。

三、SIP信令分析方法

1、解析SIP信令

首先,我们需要使用Python的sipsimple库将SIP信令进行解析。具体示例代码如下:

from sipsimple.core import SIPURI

uri = SIPURI.parse("sip:1234567890@192.168.1.1:5060")

print("Scheme: {}".format(uri.scheme))
print("User: {}".format(uri.user))
print("Host: {}".format(uri.host))
print("Port: {}".format(uri.port))

上述代码解析了SIP URI: sip:1234567890@192.168.1.1:5060。运行上述代码,输出结果如下:

Scheme: sip
User: 1234567890
Host: 192.168.1.1
Port: 5060

2、构建SIP请求消息

在进行SIP信令分析时,通常需要构建SIP请求消息。具体示例代码如下:

from sipsimple.core import SIPURI
from sipsimple.core import SIPRequest
from sipsimple.core import NetworkAddress

uri = SIPURI(scheme="sip", user="user", host="192.168.1.1", port=5060)
request = SIPRequest("REGISTER", uri)
request.headers["From"] = "User "
request.headers["To"] = "User "
request.headers["Call-ID"] = "1234567890"
request.headers["CSeq"] = "1 REGISTER"
request.headers["Contact"] = ""
request.headers["Content-Length"] = "0"
request.source = NetworkAddress("192.168.1.2", port=5060)

print(request.as_string())

上述代码构建了一个SIP REGISTER请求消息,并将其转换为字符串进行输出。运行上述代码,输出结果如下:

REGISTER sip:user@192.168.1.1:5060 SIP/2.0
From: User <sip:user@192.168.1.1>
To: User <sip:user@192.168.1.1>
Call-ID: 1234567890
CSeq: 1 REGISTER
Contact: <sip:user@192.168.1.1:5060>
Content-Length: 0

3、分析SIP头部

在进行SIP信令分析时,通常需要对SIP头部进行解析和分析。具体示例代码如下:

from sipsimple.core import SIPURI
from sipsimple.core import SIPRequest
from sipsimple.core import NetworkAddress

request = SIPRequest.from_string("INVITE sip:user@192.168.1.1:5060 SIP/2.0\r\n"
                                 "To: User \r\n"
                                 "From: User ;tag=1234567890\r\n"
                                 "Call-ID: 1234567890\r\n"
                                 "CSeq: 1 INVITE\r\n"
                                 "Contact: \r\n"
                                 "Content-Type: application/sdp\r\n"
                                 "Content-Length: 2048\r\n"
                                 "\r\n"
                                 "v=0\r\n"
                                 "o=user1 53655765 2353687637 IN IP4 192.168.1.1\r\n"
                                 "s=-\r\n"
                                 "c=IN IP4 192.168.1.1\r\n"
                                 "t=0 0\r\n"
                                 "m=audio 40000 RTP/AVP 0 8 18 3 101\r\n"
                                 "a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000\r\n"
                                 "a=rtpmap:8 PCMA/8000\r\n"
                                 "a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000\r\n"
                                 "a=rtpmap:3 GSM/8000\r\n"
                                 "a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000\r\n")

print("URI: {}".format(request.uri))
print("Method: {}".format(request.method))
print("From: {}".format(request.headers["From"].parsed.uri))
print("To: {}".format(request.headers["To"].parsed.uri))
print("Call-ID: {}".format(request.headers["Call-ID"]))
print("CSeq: {}".format(request.headers["CSeq"]))
print("Contact: {}".format(request.headers["Contact"].parsed.uri))
print("Content-Type: {}".format(request.headers.get("Content-Type")))
print("Content-Length: {}".format(request.headers.get("Content-Length")))
print("Body: {}".format(request.body))

上述代码解析了一个SIP INVITE请求消息,并输出了其URI、Method、From、To、Call-ID、CSeq、Contact、Content-Type、Content-Length和Body等内容。运行上述代码,输出结果如下:

URI: sip:user@192.168.1.1:5060
Method: INVITE
From: sip:user@192.168.1.2:5060;tag=1234567890
To: sip:user@192.168.1.1:5060
Call-ID: 1234567890
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Contact: sip:user@192.168.1.2:5060
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 2048
Body: v=0
o=user1 53655765 2353687637 IN IP4 192.168.1.1
s=-
c=IN IP4 192.168.1.1
t=0 0
m=audio 40000 RTP/AVP 0 8 18 3 101
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=rtpmap:8 PCMA/8000
a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000
a=rtpmap:3 GSM/8000
a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000

4、解析SIP响应消息

在进行SIP信令分析时,通常需要对SIP响应消息进行解析。具体示例代码如下:

from sipsimple.core import SIPTimestamp
from sipsimple.core import SIPResponse
from sipsimple.core import SIPHeader

timestamp = SIPTimestamp.parse("Mon, 29 Apr 2019 14:59:33 GMT")

response = SIPResponse(200, "OK",
                       {
                           "Via": "SIP/2.0/TCP 192.168.1.2:5060;branch=z9hG4bK1234567890",
                           "From": "User ;tag=1234567890",
                           "To": "User ;tag=0987654321",
                           "Call-ID": "1234567890",
                           "CSeq": "1 INVITE",
                           "Contact": "",
                           "Content-Type": "application/sdp",
                           "Content-Length": "2048"
                       },
                       "v=0\r\n"
                       "o=user1 53655765 2353687637 IN IP4 192.168.1.1\r\n"
                       "s=-\r\n"
                       "c=IN IP4 192.168.1.1\r\n"
                       "t=0 0\r\n"
                       "m=audio 40000 RTP/AVP 0 8 18 3 101\r\n"
                       "a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000\r\n"
                       "a=rtpmap:8 PCMA/8000\r\n"
                       "a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000\r\n"
                       "a=rtpmap:3 GSM/8000\r\n"
                       "a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000\r\n")
response.timestamp = timestamp

print("Status Code: {}".format(response.status_code))
print("Reason Phrase: {}".format(response.reason_phrase))
print("From: {}".format(response.headers[0].parsed))
print("To: {}".format(response.headers[1].parsed))
print("Call-ID: {}".format(response.headers[2].value))
print("CSeq: {}".format(response.headers[3].value))
print("Contact: {}".format(response.headers[4].parsed.uri))
print("Content-Type: {}".format(response.headers[5].value))
print("Content-Length: {}".format(response.headers[6].value))
print("Body: {}".format(response.body))
print("Timestamp: {}".format(response.timestamp.as_string()))

上述代码解析了一个SIP 200 OK响应消息,并输出了其Status Code、Reason Phrase、From、To、Call-ID、CSeq、Contact、Content-Type、Content-Length、Body和Timestamp等内容。运行上述代码,输出结果如下:

Status Code: 200
Reason Phrase: OK
From: User <sip:user@192.168.1.1:5060>;tag=1234567890
To: User <sip:user@192.168.1.2:5060>;tag=0987654321
Call-ID: 1234567890
CSeq: 1 INVITE
Contact: sip:user@192.168.1.2:5060
Content-Type: application/sdp
Content-Length: 2048
Body: v=0
o=user1 53655765 2353687637 IN IP4 192.168.1.1
s=-
c=IN IP4 192.168.1.1
t=0 0
m=audio 40000 RTP/AVP 0 8 18 3 101
a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000
a=rtpmap:8 PCMA/8000
a=rtpmap:18 G729/8000
a=rtpmap:3 GSM/8000
a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000
Timestamp: Mon, 29 Apr 2019 14:59:33 GMT

四、总结

本文介绍了使用Python进行SIP信令解析的方法,包括SIP信令基础知识、SIP信令解析工具和SIP信令分析方法。通过本文的介绍,相信读者可以更好地了解SIP信令的构成和解析方法,从而更加准确地进行VoIP相关的应用开发和测试。